What is a lead acid Battery ?
A lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses a chemical reaction between lead, lead dioxide, and sulphuric acid to generate electrical energy. It's one of the oldest and most widely used types of rechargeable batteries, commonly used in various applications.
The basic construction of a lead-acid battery involves plates made of lead dioxide (positive plate) and spongy lead (negative plate) immersed in a diluted sulphuric acid solution. These plates are usually arranged in cells, and multiple cells are combined to create a battery with a specific voltage.
During discharge (when the battery is being used to provide power), a chemical reaction occurs at the plates, producing electrical energy, water, and lead sulphate. When the battery is recharged, the chemical reaction is reversed, converting the lead sulphate back into lead dioxide and lead.
Advantages of Lead Acid Batteries
Lead-acid batteries have several advantages, including their relatively low cost, high energy density, and the ability to provide a high surge current, making them suitable for applications where a burst of power is required, such as starting internal combustion engines in vehicles.
However, they also have limitations, including being relatively heavy and having a limited cycle life compared to newer battery technologies like lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, lead-acid batteries require maintenance to ensure their longevity and performance, such as checking and replenishing the electrolyte levels.
Due to their mature technology and well-established manufacturing processes, lead-acid batteries continue to be used in a variety of industries despite the emergence of newer battery technologies. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in more advanced battery technologies like lithium-ion batteries due to their higher energy density, longer cycle life, and lower weight.
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